转自:http://mangguo.org/object-prototype-tostring-call-distinguish-between-the-type-of-object/

在 JavaScript 里使用 typeof 来判断数据类型,只能区分基本类型,即 “number”,”string”,”undefined”,”boolean”,”object” 五种。

对于数组、对象来说,其关系错综复杂,使用 typeof 都会统一返回 “object” 字符串。

要想区别对象、数组单纯使用 typeof 是不行的。或者你会想到 instanceof 方法,例如下面这样:

var a = {};
var b = [];
var c = function () {};

//a b c 都是 Object 的实例
console.log(a instanceof Object) //true
console.log(b instanceof Object) //true
console.log(c instanceof Object) //true

//只有 Array 类型的 b 才是 Array 的实例
console.log(a instanceof Array) //false
console.log(b instanceof Array) //true
console.log(c instanceof Array) //false

//只有 Function 类型的 c 才是 Function 的实例
console.log(a instanceof Function) //false
console.log(b instanceof Function) //false
console.log(c instanceof Function) //true

从以上代码来看,要判断复合数据类型,可以如下判断:

//对象
(a instanceof Object) && !(a instanceof Array) && !(a instanceof Function)
//数组
(a instanceof Object) && (a instanceof Array)
//函数
(a instanceof Object) && (a instanceof Function)

更简便的方式,即是使用 Object.prototype.toString.call() 来确定类型,ECMA 5.1 中关于该方法的描述[1]是这样的:

When the toString method is called, the following steps are taken:
If the this value is undefined, return “[object Undefined]”.
If the this value is null, return “[object Null]”.
Let O be the result of calling ToObject passing the this value as the argument.
Let class be the value of the [[Class]] internal property of O.
Return the String value that is the result of concatenating the three Strings “[object “, class, and “]”.

由于 JavaScript 中一切都是对象,任何都不例外,对所有值类型应用 Object.prototype.toString.call() 方法结果如下:

console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(123)) //[object Number]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call('123')) //[object String]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(undefined)) //[object Undefined]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(true)) //[object Boolean]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call({})) //[object Object]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call([])) //[object Array]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(function(){})) //[object Function]

所有类型都会得到不同的字符串,几乎完美。



本文转载:CSDN博客