分析
使用CrawlSpider结合LinkExtractor和Rule爬取网页信息
LinkExtractor用于定义链接提取规则,一般使用allow参数即可
LinkExtractor(allow=(), # 使用正则定义提取规则
deny=(), # 排除规则
allow_domains=(), # 限定域名范围
deny_domains=(), # 排除域名范围
restrict_xpaths=(), # 使用xpath定义提取队则
tags=('a', 'area'),
attrs=('href',),
canonicalize=False,
unique=True,
process_value=None,
deny_extensions=None,
restrict_css=(), # 使用css选择器定义提取规则
strip=True):
Rule用于定义CrawlSpider的爬取规则,由Spider内部自动识别,提交请求、获取响应,交给callback指定的回调方法处理response
如果指定了callback,参数follow默认为False;如果callback为None,follow默认为True
Rule(link_extractor, # LinkExtractor对象,必选参数
callback=None, # 回调方法,可选
cb_kwargs=None,
follow=None, # 是否进行深度爬取,True、False
process_links=None, # 用于处理链接(有些反爬策略是返回假的url)
process_request=identity)
源码
items.py
'''
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'''
class BosszhipinItem(scrapy.Item):
"""Boss直聘Pytho职位爬虫Item"""
# 职位名称
position=scrapy.Field()
# 公司名称
company=scrapy.Field()
# 薪资
salary=scrapy.Field()
# 工作地点
location=scrapy.Field()
# 学历要求
education=scrapy.Field()
# 工作时间
year=scrapy.Field()
spiders/bosszhipin_spider.py
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.spider import CrawlSpider,Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from myscrapy.items import BosszhipinItem
class BosszhipinSpider(CrawlSpider):
"""
Boss直聘Python职位爬虫Spider
使用CrawlSpider基类实现
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"""
name = 'bosszhipin'
allowed_domains=['zhipin.com',]
start_urls=['http://www.zhipin.com/c100010000/h_100010000/?query=Python&page=1',]
# 链接提取器对象(规定链接提取规则)
link_extractor=LinkExtractor(allow=(r'page=\d+'))
# 链接提取规则对象列表
# 自动调用callback指定的方法,去取爬取由link_extractor指定的链接提取规则匹配到的url
# 原理:link_extractor.extract_links(response)返回匹配到的链接
rules = [
Rule(link_extractor=link_extractor,callback='parse_page',follow=True),
]
def parse_page(self,response):
"""定义回调方法,用于解析每个response对象"""
job_list=response.xpath('//div[@class="job-list"]//li')
for job in job_list:
position = job.xpath('.//div[@class="info-primary"]//h3[@class="name"]/a/text()')[0].extract()
salary =job.xpath('.//div[@class="info-primary"]//h3[@class="name"]//span/text()')[0].extract()
company =job.xpath('.//div[@class="company-text"]//a/text()')[0].extract()
location =job.xpath('.//div[@class="info-primary"]/p/text()[1]')[0].extract()
year =job.xpath('.//div[@class="info-primary"]/p/text()[2]')[0].extract()
education =job.xpath('.//div[@class="info-primary"]/p/text()[3]')[0].extract()
item=BosszhipinItem()
item['position']=position
item['salary']=salary
item['company']=company
item['location']=location
item['year']=year
item['education']=education
yield item
pipelines.py
class BosszhipinPipeline(object):
"""Boss直聘Python职位爬虫Item Pipeline"""
def __init__(self):
self.f=open('data/bosszhipin.json',mode='wb')
self.f.write(b'[')
def process_item(self,item,spider):
data=json.dumps(dict(item),ensure_ascii=False,indent=4)
self.f.write(data.encode('utf-8'))
self.f.write(b',')
return item
def close_spider(self,spider):
self.f.write(b']')
self.f.close()
settings.py
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'myscrapy.pipelines.BosszhipinPipeline': 1,
}
运行结果