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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;

namespace DbHelper
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 通用数据库访问类，封装了对数据库的常见操作
    ///</summary>
    public sealed class DbUtility
    {
        public string ConnectionString { get; set; }
        private DbProviderFactory providerFactory;
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接字符串</param>
        /// <param name="providerType">数据库类型枚举，参见<paramref name="providerType"/></param>
        public DbUtility(string connectionString, DbProviderType providerType)
        {
            ConnectionString = connectionString;
            providerFactory = ProviderFactory.GetDbProviderFactory(providerType);
            if (providerFactory == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Can't load DbProviderFactory for given value of providerType");
            }
        }
        /// <summary>   
        /// 对数据库执行增删改操作，返回受影响的行数。   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的增删改的SQL语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行增删改语句所需要的参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters)
        {
            return ExecuteNonQuery(sql, parameters, CommandType.Text);
        }
        /// <summary>   
        /// 对数据库执行增删改操作，返回受影响的行数。   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的增删改的SQL语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行增删改语句所需要的参数</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">执行的SQL语句的类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters, CommandType commandType)
        {
            using (DbCommand command = CreateDbCommand(sql, parameters, commandType))
            {
                command.Connection.Open();
                int affectedRows = command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                command.Connection.Close();
                return affectedRows;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>   
        /// 执行一个查询语句，返回一个关联的DataReader实例   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的查询语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行SQL查询语句所需要的参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns> 
        public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters)
        {
            return ExecuteReader(sql, parameters, CommandType.Text);
        }

        /// <summary>   
        /// 执行一个查询语句，返回一个关联的DataReader实例   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的查询语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行SQL查询语句所需要的参数</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">执行的SQL语句的类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns> 
        public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters, CommandType commandType)
        {
            DbCommand command = CreateDbCommand(sql, parameters, commandType);
            command.Connection.Open();
            return command.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
        }

        /// <summary>   
        /// 执行一个查询语句，返回一个包含查询结果的DataTable   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的查询语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行SQL查询语句所需要的参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters)
        {
            return ExecuteDataTable(sql, parameters, CommandType.Text);
        }
        /// <summary>   
        /// 执行一个查询语句，返回一个包含查询结果的DataTable   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的查询语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行SQL查询语句所需要的参数</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">执行的SQL语句的类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters, CommandType commandType)
        {
            using (DbCommand command = CreateDbCommand(sql, parameters, commandType))
            {
                using (DbDataAdapter adapter = providerFactory.CreateDataAdapter())
                {
                    adapter.SelectCommand = command;
                    DataTable data = new DataTable();
                    adapter.Fill(data);
                    return data;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>   
        /// 执行一个查询语句，返回查询结果的第一行第一列   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的查询语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行SQL查询语句所需要的参数</param>   
        /// <returns></returns>   
        public Object ExecuteScalar(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters)
        {
            return ExecuteScalar(sql, parameters, CommandType.Text);
        }

        /// <summary>   
        /// 执行一个查询语句，返回查询结果的第一行第一列   
        /// </summary>   
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的查询语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行SQL查询语句所需要的参数</param>   
        /// <param name="commandType">执行的SQL语句的类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>   
        public Object ExecuteScalar(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters, CommandType commandType)
        {
            using (DbCommand command = CreateDbCommand(sql, parameters, commandType))
            {
                command.Connection.Open();
                object result = command.ExecuteScalar();
                command.Connection.Close();
                return result;
            }
        }

        public DbParameter CreateDbParameter(string name, object value)
        {
            return CreateDbParameter(name, ParameterDirection.Input, value);
        }

        public DbParameter CreateDbParameter(string name, ParameterDirection parameterDirection, object value)
        {
            DbParameter parameter = providerFactory.CreateParameter();
            parameter.ParameterName = name;
            parameter.Value = value;
            parameter.Direction = parameterDirection;
            return parameter;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建一个DbCommand对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">要执行的查询语句</param>   
        /// <param name="parameters">执行SQL查询语句所需要的参数</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">执行的SQL语句的类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private DbCommand CreateDbCommand(string sql, IList<DbParameter> parameters, CommandType commandType)
        {
            DbConnection connection = providerFactory.CreateConnection();
            DbCommand command = providerFactory.CreateCommand();
            connection.ConnectionString = ConnectionString;
            command.CommandText = sql;
            command.CommandType = commandType;
            command.Connection = connection;
            if (!(parameters == null || parameters.Count == 0))
            {
                foreach (DbParameter parameter in parameters)
                {
                    command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                }
            }
            return command;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 数据库类型枚举
    /// </summary>
    public enum DbProviderType : byte
    {
        SqlServer,
        MySql,
        SQLite,
        Oracle,
        ODBC,
        OleDb,
        Firebird,
        PostgreSql,
        DB2,
        Informix,
        SqlServerCe
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// DbProviderFactory工厂类
    /// </summary>
    public class ProviderFactory
    {
        private static Dictionary<DbProviderType, string> providerInvariantNames = new Dictionary<DbProviderType, string>();
        private static Dictionary<DbProviderType, DbProviderFactory> providerFactoies = new Dictionary<DbProviderType, DbProviderFactory>(20);
        static ProviderFactory()
        {
            //加载已知的数据库访问类的程序集
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.SqlServer, "System.Data.SqlClient");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.OleDb, "System.Data.OleDb");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.ODBC, "System.Data.ODBC");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.Oracle, "Oracle.DataAccess.Client");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.MySql, "MySql.Data.MySqlClient");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.SQLite, "System.Data.SQLite");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.Firebird, "FirebirdSql.Data.Firebird");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.PostgreSql, "Npgsql");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.DB2, "IBM.Data.DB2.iSeries");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.Informix, "IBM.Data.Informix");
            providerInvariantNames.Add(DbProviderType.SqlServerCe, "System.Data.SqlServerCe");
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取指定数据库类型对应的程序集名称
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="providerType">数据库类型枚举</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetProviderInvariantName(DbProviderType providerType)
        {
            return providerInvariantNames[providerType];
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取指定类型的数据库对应的DbProviderFactory
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="providerType">数据库类型枚举</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static DbProviderFactory GetDbProviderFactory(DbProviderType providerType)
        {
            //如果还没有加载，则加载该DbProviderFactory
            if (!providerFactoies.ContainsKey(providerType))
            {
                providerFactoies.Add(providerType, ImportDbProviderFactory(providerType));
            }
            return providerFactoies[providerType];
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 加载指定数据库类型的DbProviderFactory
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="providerType">数据库类型枚举</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static DbProviderFactory ImportDbProviderFactory(DbProviderType providerType)
        {
            string providerName = providerInvariantNames[providerType];
            DbProviderFactory factory = null;
            try
            {
                //从全局程序集中查找
                factory = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(providerName);
            }
            catch (ArgumentException e)
            {
                factory = null;
            }
            return factory;
        }
    }
}

//使用示例 SQLite
string connectionString = @"Data Source=D:\VS2008\NetworkTime\CrawlApplication\CrawlApplication.db3";
string sql = "SELECT * FROM Weibo_Media order by Id desc limit 0,20000";
DbUtility db = new DbUtility(connectionString, DbProviderType.SQLite);
DataTable data = db.ExecuteDataTable(sql, null);
DbDataReader reader = db.ExecuteReader(sql, null);
reader.Close(); 
//使用示例 MySql
string connectionString = @"Server=localhost;Database=crawldb;Uid=root;Pwd=root;Port=3306;";
string sql = "SELECT * FROM Weibo_Media order by Id desc limit 0,20000";
DbUtility db = new DbUtility(connectionString, DbProviderType.MySql);
DataTable data = db.ExecuteDataTable(sql, null);
DbDataReader reader = db.ExecuteReader(sql, null);
reader.Close(); 
//使用示例 Execl
string connectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + Server.MapPath("~/XLS/车型.xls") + ";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
string sql = "SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]";
DbUtility db = new DbUtility(connectionString, DbProviderType.OleDb);
DataTable data = db.ExecuteDataTable(sql, null);