1. 异步加载爬虫

对于静态页面爬虫很容易获取到站点的数据内容,然而静态页面需要全量加载站点的所有数据,对于网站的访问和带宽是巨大的挑战,对于高并发和大访问访问量的站点来说,需要使用AJAX相关的技术来实现异步加载,即根据需要来获取数据,以pexels网站为例,按F12,切换到Network的XHR标签,通过下拉菜单访问该站点,此时数据会以此加载,在XHR页面中会逐步增加访问的URL地址,点击查看其中一个URL地址,发现其URL的地址类似为:https://www.pexels.com/search/book/?page=3&seed=2018-02-22+05:21:39++0000&format=js&seed=2018-02-22 05:21:39 +0000,将其修改为https://www.pexels.com/search/book/?page=3,并修改page后面数的值发现可以访问到不同的页面内容,以此来构造需要访问的url站点内容。image

2. 代码内容

import os
import sys
import time
import os.path
import random
import requests
from lxml import etree
'''
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'''
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
 
def get_jianshu(url):
    '''
    demo简书网站的获取信息
    '''
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    try:
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            return req.text.encode('utf8')
        else:
            return ''
    except Exception as e:
        print e
 
def get_picture(url,download_dir):
    '''
    @params:获取url中的图片信息,并将其下载到download_dir目录中
    @download_dir:图片下载的本地路径
    '''
    if not os.path.exists(download_dir):
        os.mkdir(download_dir)
    html = get_jianshu(url)
    selector = etree.HTML(html)
    for url in selector.xpath('//img[@class="photo-item__img"]/@src'):
        picture_name = url.split("?")[0].split("/")[-1]
        print "downloading picutre %s" % (picture_name)
        with file(download_dir + picture_name,'wb') as f:
            f.write(requests.get(url).content)
        time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url_lists = ['https://www.pexels.com/search/book/?page={}'.format(i) for i in range(1,21)]
    for url in url_lists:
        get_picture(url,'/root/pexels')

###3. 下载图片使用方式
  上面使用requests.get().content的方式来实现下载图片的方法,还可以通过urllib.urlretrieve()方法来实现图片的下载功能,该函数的使用参数为:retrieve(self, url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None),其中url地址为需要访问的url路径,filename为本地存放图片的路径,修改代码内容如下:

import os
import sys
import time
import os.path
import random
import requests
import urllib
from lxml import etree
'''
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'''
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
 
def get_jianshu(url):
    '''
    demo简书网站的获取信息
    '''
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    try:
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            return req.text.encode('utf8')
        else:
            return ''
    except Exception as e:
        print e
 
def get_picture(url,download_dir):
    '''
    @params:获取url中的图片信息,并将其下载到download_dir目录中
    @download_dir:图片下载的本地路径
    通过利用urllib模块中的urlretrieve()方法实现图片的下载功能
    '''
    if not os.path.exists(download_dir):
        os.mkdir(download_dir)
    html = get_jianshu(url)
    selector = etree.HTML(html)
    for url in selector.xpath('//img[@class="photo-item__img"]/@src'):
        picture_name = download_dir + "/" + url.split("?")[0].split("/")[-1]
        print "downloading picutre %s" % (picture_name)
        urllib.urlretrieve(url,picture_name)            #下载图片
        time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url_lists = ['https://www.pexels.com/search/book/?page={}'.format(i) for i in range(1,21)]
    for url in url_lists:
        get_picture(url,'/root/pexels')

本文转载:CSDN博客