####基本配置:
- Python版本:3.7
####相关模块:
from urllib import parse
from lxml import etree
from urllib3 import disable_warnings
import requests
####案例关键点:
使用单线程爬取,未登录,爬取网易云歌单主要有三个关键点:
- url
https://music.163.com/discover/playlist/?order=hot&cat=%E8%AF%B4%E5%94%B1&limit=35&offset=105
网易云使用翻页形式,其特点为url的limit和offset参数:
- limit 表示单页显示的歌单数(修改无效)
- offset 表示当前页数,即 offset / limit + 1
发送get请求时froms与url的参数一样
- cat 歌单类型,必须将中文转码
- order 最新或最热
- limit 与url参数一致
- offset 与url参数一致
####完整代码:
from urllib import parse
from lxml import etree
from urllib3 import disable_warnings
import requests
'''
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'''
class Wangyiyun(object):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
# 歌单的歌曲风格
self.types = kwargs['types']
# 歌单的发布类型
self.years = kwargs['years']
# 这是当前爬取的页数
self.pages = pages
# 这是请求的url参数(页数)
self.limit = 35
self.offset = 35 * self.pages - self.limit
# 这是请求的url
self.url = "https://music.163.com/discover/playlist/?"
# 设置请求头部信息(可扩展:不同的User - Agent)
def set_header(self):
self.header = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36",
"Referer": "https://music.163.com/",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": '1',
}
return self.header
# 设置请求表格信息
def set_froms(self):
self.key = parse.quote(self.types)
self.froms = {
"cat": self.key,
"order": self.years,
"limit": self.limit,
"offset": self.offset,
}
return self.froms
# 解析代码,获取有用的数据
def parsing_codes(self):
page = etree.HTML(self.code)
# 标题
self.title = page.xpath('//div[@class="u-cover u-cover-1"]/a[@title]/@title')
# 作者
self.author = page.xpath('//p/a[@class="nm nm-icn f-thide s-fc3"]/text()')
# 阅读量
self.listen = page.xpath('//span[@class="nb"]/text()')
# 歌单链接
self.link = page.xpath('//div[@class="u-cover u-cover-1"]/a[@href]/@href')
# 打印看看
for i in zip(self.title, self.link, self.author, self.listen):
print("[歌单名称]:{}\n[发布作者]:{}\n[总播放量]:{}\n[歌单链接]:{}\n".format(i[0],i[2],i[3],"https://music.163.com/"+i[1]))
print('第{}页'.format(self.pages).center(50,'='))
# 获取网页源代码
def get_code(self):
disable_warnings()
self.froms['cat']=self.types
disable_warnings()
self.new_url = self.url+parse.urlencode(self.froms)
self.code = requests.get(
url = self.new_url,
headers = self.header,
data = self.froms,
verify = False,
).text
# 爬取多页时刷新offset
def multi(self ,page):
self.offset = self.limit * page - self.limit
if __name__ == '__main__':
#=======================================
# 指定一些参数
# 歌单的歌曲风格
types = "说唱"
# 歌单的发布类型:最热=hot,最新=new
years = "hot"
# 指定爬取的页数
pages = 1
#=======================================
# =======================================
# 例子:通过pages变量爬取指定页面(多页)
music = Wangyiyun(
types = types,
years = years,
)
for i in range(pages):
page = i+1 # 因为没有第0页
music.multi(page) # 爬取多页时指定,传入当前页数,刷新offset
music.set_header() # 调用头部方法,构造请求头信息
music.set_froms() # 调用froms方法,构造froms信息
music.get_code() # 获取当前页面的源码
music.parsing_codes() # 处理源码,获取指定数据
# =======================================
#=======================================
# 例子:通过pages变量爬取指定页面(单页)
# music = Wangyiyun(
# types=types,
# years=years,
# )
# music.set_header()
# music.set_froms()
# music.get_code()
# music.parsing_codes()
#=======================================
运行效果图: