参考资料:http://huangqiqing123.iteye.com/blog/1420465

SQL命令
--- 禁用指定表所有外键约束 
alter table [表名] NOCHECK constraint all 

--- 启用指定表所有外键约束 
alter table [表名] CHECK constraint all

 拼装SQL语句
-- 禁用指定表外键约束的sql
select 'ALTER TABLE '+b.name+' NOCHECK CONSTRAINT '+a.name+';' 
from sysobjects a
inner join sysobjects b onb.id=a.parent_obj
where a.xtype='f'andb.name='表名'  

 -- 启用指定表外键约束的sql
select 'ALTER TABLE '+b.name+' CHECK CONSTRAINT '+a.name+';' 
from sysobjects a
inner join sysobjects b onb.id=a.parent_obj
where a.xtype='f'andb.name='表名' 

查询字典表sys.foreign_keys
         查看约束状态查询字典表sys.foreign_keys该字典表开始出现于sqlserver2005及以上版本):
select name , is_disabled from sys.foreign_keys order by name

其中
name  :外键约束名称
is_disabled :是否已禁用这个值很重要,如下图)。


 

使用案例
  要求
            我们现在要做一些单据记录包括单头与单据明细导入到转到历史表中导入完后删除当前表的记录

  遇到问题
          因为单头表与单据明细表作了约束所以无论导数到历史表或者删除当前表的记录都涉及约束的问题。我们非常清楚每个表的记录依赖关系,必须先导单头记录,再导单据明细记录,否则就会违返约束不能继续;删除当前表的记录时即相反,先要删除单据明细记录,再删除单头记录,否则同样会违返约束不能继续。

  解决方法:
         
在导数和删除记录前将约束停用,在导数和删除记录后重新开启约束。(当然触发器也要作相同的处理)

 

--Sql脚本:
use [数据库]
Go 

SET XACT_ABORT ON
begin tran 
-- 1.禁用FOREIGN KEY约束(即禁用要求“强制外键约束”的关系)
DECLARE @TableName sysname, @ConstraintName sysname,@SQLString nvarchar(500) 

SELECT object_name(parent_obj) as TableName, name as ConstraintName
into [_MyForeignKey]
FROM sysobjects f   
WHERE 
    exists(select * from sys.foreign_keys t where t.[is_disabled]=0 and t.[name]=f.name and t.[Object_ID]=f.ID) --有“强制外键约束”
    and f.xtype=N'F' 

DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR 
    SELECT TableName, ConstraintName
    FROM [_MyForeignKey]
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
    SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' NOCHECK CONSTRAINT '+ @ConstraintName
    EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
    -- Next
    FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp

 -- 2.关闭触发器
DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR  
    SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype= N'U'
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
    SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' DISABLE TRIGGER all'
    EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
    -- Next
    FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp

-- 3.导数并删除记录( 注意不能用 trucate table, 只能用 delete)
-- 危险操作,暂时注释
--DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR    
--    SELECT name FROM sysobjects 
--    WHERE xtype= N'U' and name <> '_MyForeignKey'  -- 注意:必须排除[_MyForeignKey]表,否则无法恢复外键约束    
--    order by name
--OPEN cTmp  
--FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName  
--WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)  
--BEGIN  
--    SET @SQLString='delete '+@TableName + ' '  
--    print @SQLString    
--    EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString  
--    
--    -- Next  
--    FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName  
--END  
--CLOSE cTmp  
--DEALLOCATE cTmp   

-- 4.恢复触发器及外键约束
DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR 
   SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype= N'U'
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
    SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' ENABLE TRIGGER all'
    EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
    -- Next
    FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp

 -- 5.恢复FOREIGN KEY约束(即恢复要求“强制外键约束”的关系)
DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR 
    SELECT TableName,ConstraintName
    FROM [_MyForeignKey]
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
    SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' CHECK CONSTRAINT '+ @ConstraintName
    EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
    -- Next
    FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp

 -- 6.删除临时表
drop table[_MyForeignKey]

commit tran
SET XACT_ABORT OFF


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