Python多线程爬虫与多种数据存储方式实现

Biegral 2022/4/9 11:33:50 1138

###1. 多进程爬虫
　　对于数据量较大的爬虫，对数据的处理要求较高时，可以采用python多进程或多线程的机制完成，多进程是指分配多个CPU处理程序，同一时刻只有一个CPU在工作，多线程是指进程内部有多个类似"子进程"同时在协同工作。python中有多种多个模块可完成多进程和多线程的工作，此处此用multiprocessing模块完成多线程爬虫，测试过程中发现，由于站点具有反爬虫机制，当url地址和进程数目较多时，爬虫会报错。

###2. 代码内容

import re
import time
import requests
from multiprocessing import Pool
'''
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'''
duanzi_list = []
 
def get_web_html(url):
    '''
    @params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
    '''
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    try:
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            response = req.text.encode('utf8')
    except Exception as e:
        print e
    return response
 
def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
    '''
    @params:url,获取段子数据信息
    '''
    html = get_web_html(url)
    usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
    levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
    laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
    comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
    contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
    for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
        information = {
            "username": username.strip(),
            "level": level.strip(),
            "laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
            "comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
            "content": content.strip()
        }
        duanzi_list.append(information)
    time.sleep(1)
    return duanzi_list
             
def normal_scapper(url_lists):
    '''
    定义调用函数，使用普通的爬虫函数爬取数据
    '''
    begin_time = time.time()
    for url in url_lists:
        scrap_qiushi_info(url)
    end_time = time.time()
    print "普通爬虫一共耗费时长:%f" % (end_time - begin_time)
 
def muti_process_scapper(url_lists,process_num=2):
    '''
    定义多进程爬虫调用函数，使用mutiprocessing模块爬取web数据
    '''
    begin_time = time.time()
    pool = Pool(processes=process_num)
    pool.map(scrap_qiushi_info,url_lists)
    end_time = time.time()
    print "%d个进程爬虫爬取所耗费时长为:%s" % (process_num,(end_time - begin_time))
 
def main():
    '''
    定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
    '''
    url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
    normal_scapper(url_lists)
    muti_process_scapper(url_lists,process_num=2)
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

###3. 爬取的数据存入到MongoDB数据库

import re
import time
import json
import requests
import pymongo
from multiprocessing import Pool
'''
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'''
duanzi_list = []
 
def get_web_html(url):
    '''
    @params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
    '''
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    try:
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            response = req.text.encode('utf8')
    except Exception as e:
        print e
    return response
 
def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
    '''
    @params:url,获取段子数据信息
    '''
    html = get_web_html(url)
    usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
    levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
    laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
    comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
    contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
    for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
        information = {
            "username": username.strip(),
            "level": level.strip(),
            "laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
            "comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
            "content": content.strip()
        }
        duanzi_list.append(information)
    return duanzi_list
 
def write_into_mongo(datas):
    '''
    @datas: 需要插入到mongoDB的数据，封装为字典,通过遍历的方式将数据插入到mongoDB中，insert_one()表示一次插入一条数据
    '''
    client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost',27017)
    duanzi = client['duanzi_db']
    duanzi_info = duanzi['duanzi_info']
    for data in datas:
        duanzi_info.insert_one(data)
 
def query_data_from_mongo():
    '''
    查询mongoDB中的数据
    '''
    client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost',27017)['duanzi_db']['duanzi_info']
    for data in client.find():
        print data 
    print "一共查询到%d条数据" % (client.find().count())
     
             
def main():
    '''
    定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
    '''
    url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
    for url in url_lists:
        scrap_qiushi_info(url) 
        time.sleep(1)
    write_into_mongo(duanzi_list)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
    #query_data_from_mongo()

###4. 插入至MySQL数据库
　　将爬虫获取的数据插入到关系性数据库MySQL数据库中作为永久数据存储，首先需要在MySQL数据库中创建库和表，如下：

1. 创建库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database qiushi;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
2. 使用库
MariaDB [(none)]> use qiushi;
Database changed
 
3. 创建表格
MariaDB [qiushi]> create table qiushi_info(id int(32) unsigned primary key auto_increment,username varchar(64) not null,level int default 0,laugh_count int default 0,comment_count int default 0,content text default '')engine=InnoDB charset='UTF8';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec)
 
MariaDB [qiushi]> show create table qiushi_info;
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table       | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| qiushi_info | CREATE TABLE `qiushi_info` (
  `id` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `level` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `laugh_count` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `comment_count` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `content` text,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

写入到MySQL数据库中的代码如下：

import re
import time
import pymysql
import requests
 
duanzi_list = []
 
def get_web_html(url):
    '''
    @params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
    '''
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    try:
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            response = req.text.encode('utf8')
    except Exception as e:
        print e
    return response
 
def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
    '''
    @params:url,获取段子数据信息
    '''
    html = get_web_html(url)
    usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
    levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
    laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
    comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
    contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
    for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
        information = {
            "username": username.strip(),
            "level": level.strip(),
            "laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
            "comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
            "content": content.strip()
        }
        duanzi_list.append(information)
    return duanzi_list
 
def write_into_mysql(datas):
    '''
    @params: datas，将爬虫获取的数据写入到MySQL数据库中
    '''
    try:
        conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='',db='qiushi',charset='utf8')
        cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
        for data in datas:
            data_list = (data['username'],int(data['level']),int(data['laugh_count']),int(data['comment_count']),data['content'])
            sql = "INSERT INTO qiushi_info(username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content) VALUES('%s',%s,%s,%s,'%s')" %(data_list)
            cursor.execute(sql)
            conn.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        print e
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
     
             
def main():
    '''
    定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
    '''
    url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
    for url in url_lists:
        scrap_qiushi_info(url) 
        time.sleep(1)
    write_into_mysql(duanzi_list)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

5. 将爬虫数据写入到CSV文件

CSV文件是以逗号,形式分割的文本读写方式，能够通过纯文本或者Excel方式读取，是一种常见的数据存储方式，此处将爬取的数据存入到CSV文件内。

将数据存入到CSV文件代码内容如下：

import re
import csv
import time
import requests
 
duanzi_list = []
 
def get_web_html(url):
    '''
    @params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
    '''
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    try:
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            response = req.text.encode('utf8')
    except Exception as e:
        print e
    return response
 
def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
    '''
    @params:url,获取段子数据信息
    '''
    html = get_web_html(url)
    usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
    levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
    laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
    comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
    contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
    for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
        information = {
            "username": username.strip(),
            "level": level.strip(),
            "laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
            "comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
            "content": content.strip()
        }
        duanzi_list.append(information)
    return duanzi_list
 
def write_into_csv(datas,filename):
    '''
    @datas: 需要写入csv文件的数据内容，是一个列表
    @params:filename,需要写入到目标文件的csv文件名
    '''
    with file(filename,'w+') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(('username','level','laugh_count','comment_count','content'))
        for data in datas:
            writer.writerow((data['username'],data['level'],data['laugh_count'],data['comment_count'],data['content']))
 
def main():
    '''
    定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
    '''
    url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
    for url in url_lists:
        scrap_qiushi_info(url) 
        time.sleep(1)
    write_into_csv(duanzi_list,'/root/duanzi_info.csv')
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

6. 将爬取数据写入到文本文件中

import re
import csv
import time
import requests
'''
遇到不懂的问题？Python学习交流群：1136201545满足你的需求，资料都已经上传群文件，可以自行下载！
'''
duanzi_list = []
 
def get_web_html(url):
    '''
    @params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
    '''
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    try:
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        if req.status_code == 200:
            response = req.text.encode('utf8')
    except Exception as e:
        print e
    return response
 
def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
    '''
    @params:url,获取段子数据信息
    '''
    html = get_web_html(url)
    usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
    levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
    laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
    comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
    contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
    for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
        information = {
            "username": username.strip(),
            "level": level.strip(),
            "laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
            "comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
            "content": content.strip()
        }
        duanzi_list.append(information)
    return duanzi_list
 
def write_into_files(datas,filename):
    '''
    定义数据存入写文件的函数
    @params:datas需要写入的数据
    @filename:将数据写入到指定的文件名
    '''
    print "开始写入文件.."
    with file(filename,'w+') as f:
        f.write("用户名" + "\t" + "用户等级" + "\t" + "笑话数" + "\t" + "评论数" + "\t" + "段子内容" + "\n")
        for data in datas:
            f.write(data['username'] + "\t" + \
                data['level'] + "\t" + \
                data['laugh_count'] + "\t" + \
                data['comment_count'] + "\t" + \
                data['content'] + "\n" + "\n"
            )
 
def main():
    '''
    定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
    '''
    url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
    for url in url_lists:
        scrap_qiushi_info(url) 
        time.sleep(1)
    write_into_files(duanzi_list,'/root/duanzi.txt')
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
本文转载:CSDN博客

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