爬取一个问题的所有内容流程大致如下:
- 一个问题url
- 请求url,获取问题下的答案个数(我不需要,因为之前获取问题信息的时候保存了问题的回答个数)
- 通过答案的接口去获取答案(如果一次获取5个答案,总计100个答案,需要计算的出访问20次答案接口)[答案的接- - 口地址如下图所示]
- 答案接口返回的内容保存到mysql
- 提取内容中的图片地址,保存到本地
[外链图片转存失败(img-GHaKwYmH-1565699898428)(https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-988ecb070c4faa05.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/2/w/1240)]
####爬取代码:
从mysql库中查到question的id, 然后直接访问 答案接口 去获取数据.
answer_template="https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/questions/%s/answers?include=data[*].is_normal,admin_closed_comment,reward_info,is_collapsed,annotation_action,annotation_detail,collapse_reason,is_sticky,collapsed_by,suggest_edit,comment_count,can_
comment,content,editable_content,voteup_count,reshipment_settings,comment_permission,created_time,updated_time,review_info,relevant_info,question,excerpt,relationship.is_authorized,is_author,voting,is_thanked,is_nothelp;data[*].mark_infos[*].url;dat
a[*].author.follower_count,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics&limit=5&offset=%s&sort_by=default"
def check_login(self, response):
#从mysql中读取question的信息,来进行爬取
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost", "root", "", "crawl", charset='utf8' )
cursor = db.cursor()
selectsql="select questionid,answer_num from zhihu_question where id in ( 251,138,93,233,96,293,47,24,288,151,120,311,214,33) ;"
try:
cursor.execute(selectsql)
results = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
questionid = row[0]
answer_num = row[1]
fornum = answer_num/5 #计算需要访问答案接口的次数
print("questionid : "+ str(questionid)+" answer_Num: "+str(answer_num))
for i in range(fornum+1):
answer_url = self.answer_template % (str(questionid), str(i*5))
yield scrapy.Request(answer_url,callback=self.parse_answer, headers=self.headers)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
db.close()
解析response
parser_anser解析接口里的内容,这里就比较方便了, 因为是json格式的
代码如下:
'''
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'''
def parse_answer(self,response):
#测试时把返回结果写到本地, 然后写pythonmain方法测试,测试方法都在test_code目录下
#temfn= str(random.randint(0,100))
#f = open("/var/www/html/scrapy/answer/"+temfn,'wb')
#f.write(response.body)
#f.write("------")
#f.close()
res=json.loads(response.text)
#print (res)
data=res['data']
# 一次返回多个(默认5个)答案, 需要遍历
for od in data:
#print(od)
item = AnswerItem()
item['answer_id']=str(od['id']) # answer id
item['question_id']=str(od['question']['id'])
item['question_title']=od['question']['title']
item['author_url_token']=od['author']['url_token']
item['author_name']=od['author']['name']
item['voteup_count']=str(od['voteup_count'])
item['comment_count']=str(od["comment_count"])
item['content']=od['content']
yield item
testh = etree.HTML(od['content'])
itemimg = MyImageItem()
itemimg['question_answer_id'] = str(od['question']['id'])+"/"+str(od['id'])
itemimg['image_urls']=testh.xpath("//img/@data-original")
yield itemimg
成果展示
爬取了4w+个答案和12G图片(个人服务器只有12G空间了~)


爬取收藏夹下的答案内容和图片:
爬取收藏夹下的回答的流程和爬取问题下回答基本流程一样,区别在于:
- 问题的start_urls为多个,收藏夹是一个一个爬取
- 问题页面上找到了内容接口,返回json.方便. 收藏夹页面没有找到接口(我没有找到),我是访问每页,然后解析的html.
构造每页的起始地址: